Websense® Security Labs™ researchers, using our Websense ThreatSeeker® Intelligence Cloud, discovered an interesting malicious email campaign using spoofed email addresses from Fox News domains in an attempt to ultimately lure victims to websites hosting the Blackhole Exploit Kit. Should the exploit and compromise be successful, a malicious payload related to the Cridex family appears to be delivered which, as detailed in an earlier Websense Security Labs blog, is typically used to steal banking credentials as well as the exfiltration of personally identifiable information (PII) and other confidential data for criminal gain. These emails, discovered early on the morning of June 27th, featured “breaking news” subjects and mimicked legitimate news content related to the US Military moving into Syria in order to entice the victim to 'click' on the malicious links. The campaign appears to have targeted a variety of industries and countries, as of 1600 PST on June 27th, the Websense ThreatSeeker® Intelligence Cloud had detected and blocked over 60,000 samples.
Email Screenshot:
Intercepted emails generated interest as they are highly convincing as breaking news alerts and are targeting highly popular and polarizing topics such as Immigration reform, the war on terror, and sending troops to Syria. Example email subjects include:
- U.S. Military Action in Syria – is it WW3 start?
- US deploys 19,000 troops in Syria
- Obama Sending US Forces to Syria
Malicious Email Analysis
The emails above contain links that follow a series of redirections leading to a BlackHole exploit kit which delivers a malicious PDF. Once opened, the malicious PDF executes embedded and obfuscated JavaScript code which delivers an exploit (CVE-2010-0188). In the event the exploit is successful, the shellcode downloads a malicious component from: hxxp://sartorilaw.net/news/source_fishs.php?kxdtlz=1l:1g:1i:1o:1j&mbtdi=1k:33:1f:32:2w:30:1h:1o:1h:1g&swlpwu=1i&doko=vaif&wgnrppva=xoti
Redirection Chain:
The malicious component downloaded by the shell-code is characterized as a Trojan that is capable of downloading malicious files onto a compromised computer and spreading itself via mapped and removable drives.
Malicious component:
https://www.virustotal.com/en/file/2b6a58cbf235fedfbcdb1f15645f5d3f9156ebeb916074539b83c1e7934b1ef9/analysis/
About the PDF file:
https://www.virustotal.com/en/file/f2130f5c0e388454db7c8b25d16b59cb19ba193fe6cd1a5a7b7168d94e6d243b/analysis/
Malicious PDF Analysis
First Stage – Obfuscated JavaScript embedded in PDF:
Second Stage:
The third and final stage reveals the shellcode and URL:
Should the malicious PDF successfully exploit the victim's machine, it creates a Windows Registry entry in order to maintain persistence by running automatically as the system starts:
HKCU\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\
Once executed, a number of HTTP connections on port 8080 are opened in order to download additional malicious payloads:
Associated Domains
The domain (hxxp://sartorilaw.net) that hosts the malware downloaded by the PDF exploit above was first registered on June 25th, 2013. In that time, it has resolved to three different IP addresses (119.147.137.31, 203.80.17.155, 174.140.166.239) and has hosted multiple pieces of malware which resulted in it being characterized as a malicious website by the Websense ThreatSeeker® Intelligence Cloud nearly immediately.
Malicious domain (hxxp://sartorilaw.net)
Contact email: soldwias@usa.com
Registrant: Cabrieto, Debbie
A WhoIS lookup on the contact email and registrant indicates that a second domain was registered on the same day (hxxp://enterxcasino.net). This domain does not resolve yet, but is likely to be used for malicious purposes in the future.
Impact and Protection
The overall efficacy of this campaign is difficult to judge, but the combination of a relatively high level of sophistication in the attacker’s social engineering and the utilization of relatively recent exploits and malware result in an increased risk to targeted systems. Websense provided protection from this campaign at multiple stages. Correlating this attack to the 7 stages of Advanced Threats (as explained in our whitepaper), we currently have protection for:
- Stage 2 (Lure) – The Fox News themed email campaign
- Stage 3 (Redirect) – The websites that take the user to the delivery of the exploit code
- Stage 4 (Exploit Kit) – Real-time detection of the BlackHole exploit kit that was used in this attack
- Stage 6 (Call Home) – The malicious PDF launches code that reaches out to a server known to host malware and that is blocked via Websense. Further, analytics have been added that detect and block the C2 protocol used by the PDF
- Stage 7 (Data Theft) – Websense DLP (data loss prevention) tools are capable of detecting and stopping the exfiltration of sensitive information with advanced feature sets such as Drip DLP, OCR analysis and covert channel detection
[Update]
Tuesday, July 2, 2013:
Websense Labs, via our ThreatSeeker Intelligence Cloud, have identified a modification to this campaign; using Pinterest as it's platform, the update informs the recipient their Pinterest account is in need of updating and suggests they follow a link to do so – clicking on this link results in action which is identical to the Fox News campaign, mentioned in the initial blog.
As always, Websense keeps it's users safe through the7 stages of Advanced Threats, via our Advanced Classification Engine.